This prospective study investigated the educational and clinical impact of CT-based imaging and 3D printing in the preoperative planning of robotic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors. The study included 32 patients and compared surgical planning performed by senior, junior, and resident surgeons using conventional 2D CT images, 3D CT reconstructions, and CT-derived 3D-printed models. Compared with CT imaging alone, use of the 3D-printed models resulted in significant modifications of surgical planning, particularly in the assessment of renal vascular anatomy and tumor depth, with the greatest impact observed in more complex cases. The availability of physical 3D models improved surgeons’ understanding of spatial relationships, increased confidence, and reduced perceived procedural stress, ultimately contributing to shorter operative times. Importantly, these benefits were observed across all levels of surgical experience. When supported by CT-derived 3D printing, senior surgeons demonstrated the most pronounced changes in vascular planning and a greater tendency to adopt more advanced surgical strategies. Overall, the study highlights how CT-based 3D printing extends the value of conventional CT, enhancing both surgical education value and preoperative decision-making in robotic partial nephrectomy.